INTRODUCTION
Corpus luteum rupture [CLR] is a condition that happens monthly in women. The corpus luteum is formed by the ovarian follicle following the release/rupture of the monthly eggs in the process of ovulation. The site of a rupture usually has a small amount of bleeding, which resolves spontaneously. In a few cases, bleeding from the ovary can be severe becoming a surgical emergency.
Most clients with corpus luteum rupture do not present with any symptoms, while a few with massive internal bleeding may require laparoscopy to secure the bleeding point.
SYMPTOMS
A lady with ruptured corpus luteum usually presents with severe sudden onset of lower abdominal pains about 14 days after her menses [time of ovulation]. Other complaints include:
- Bleeding from the vagina
- Weakness, or fainting attacks
- Nausea and vomiting
CAUSES
The cause of worsening bleeding following corpus luteum rupture is not known. While the corpus luteum ruptures every month in most women it usually presents no significant symptoms.
However, women on drugs that thin out their blood such as aspirin or who suffer trauma to the abdomen are at an increased risk of this condition.
PREVENTION
The cause of the increased bleeding in corpus luteum rupture is not known; hence it is difficult to offer methods of prevention.
COMPLICATIONS
If undetected on time, the client could suffer from circulatory collapse as a result of excessive internal bleeding, leading to hemorrhagic shock and death.
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosing increased bleeding from CLR usually begins with a history of the above symptoms: sudden onset abdominal pains, vaginal bleeding, dizziness, and fainting attacks.
Clinical examination by the doctor may reveal a painful abdomen on touch, and a mass below the umbilicus. The pulse rate is usually very high and the blood pressure is low.
Laboratory test done may include:
- Packed Cell Volume/Hematocrit to check for blood levels that will be reduced.
- Pregnancy test to exclude an ectopic pregnancy.
An ultrasound scan of the pelvis will usually reveal a mass and the extent of internal bleeding.
TREATMENT
Medical treatment
This involves the use of pain-relieving drugs to reduce pains. Most patients on medical treatment will be on admission and regular checkup to ensure symptoms do not worsen.
Surgical treatment
If the client is clinically unstable or an ultrasound scan reveals a large volume of internal bleeding, the patient will need to have a laparoscopy or laparotomy to secure the bleeding point.
WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR
You are advised to see your doctor if you experience the following.
- If you have sudden onset abdominal pains
- If you feel dizzy or have fainting attacks
